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July 13, 2021
Causes and troubleshooting of the starter!
The starter does not rotate
The starter does not turn after turning on the ignition switch. The reasons for the failure are as follows:
① The battery has insufficient power.
② The battery wires are loose, corroded or worn.
③ The starting relay is faulty. If it is an automatic transmission, the gear switch may also be faulty.
④ The fuse is open.
⑤ Starter failure, including motor and magnetic switch failure, and other parts failure.
⑥ The ignition switch is faulty.
■ Empirical judgment
According to the actual maintenance experience, the main reason for the failure often occurs in the battery failure and the starter failure. Ordinary vehicles can use wires to short-circuit the two terminals on the starter electromagnetic switch to start the engine. If the starter is running, the starter relay or fuse is faulty; if the starter does not run, it can be judged that the starter is faulty. The most common fault lies in the electromagnetic switch.
■ Multimeter detection and judgment
① Use a multimeter to check the continuity between the terminals S and M on the electromagnetic switch. Normally, it should not be conductive. If it is conductive, replace the electromagnetic switch.
② Use a multimeter to check the continuity between the terminal S and the case (the negative electrode of the battery). Normally, it should be connected. If it does not, replace the electromagnetic switch.
The starter is running weakly
When the ignition switch is turned on, the starter rotates slowly and weakly, which makes it difficult to drive the engine, or after the start switch is turned on, the starter only clicks and does not rotate. The main cause of the failure is insufficient battery charging and starter failure. Occasionally, it may be caused by loose, corroded or worn battery wires.
Starter idling
After the start switch is turned on, the starter rotates, but does not drive the engine to rotate. The reasons for the failure are as follows:
① The electromagnetic switch is faulty.
Common faults of electromagnetic switches are generally attracting coils and holding coils open circuit, short circuit and grounding, contact disk and contact surface ablation, etc. Whether the coil is broken or grounded can be checked by measuring the resistance with an ohmmeter. If the coil is defective, rewind or replace it. The contact plate and the surface of the contact are ablated, and can be trimmed slightly with a file or emery cloth. The return spring is too weak and should be replaced.
② The drive pinion tooth is broken or the flywheel ring gear is severely worn.
③ The one-way clutch slips.
The main component of the transmission mechanism is the one-way clutch. The one-way clutch is a one-way transmission of torque, which only transmits the torque from the starter to the flywheel of the engine, so as to prevent the flywheel from driving the starter motor to overspeed and damage after the engine is started.
Causes and troubleshooting of the starter!
④ The starter fork is damaged, misplaced, or the lever hook falls off.
⑤ There is a problem in the match between the armature shaft and the armature iron in the starter.
Maintenance diagram ▼
The starter idling is judged as follows:
① According to the actual maintenance experience, the main reason for the failure is often the failure of the electromagnetic switch and the slip of the one-way clutch.
Causes and troubleshooting of the starter!
■ Check the pinion tooth profile. If the gear teeth are worn or damaged, the pinion gear should be replaced. At the same time check the condition of the ring gear and tooth profile.
■ If it is a starter equipped with a reducer gear, check the tooth profile of the reduction gear. If the teeth are worn or damaged, the reduction gear should be replaced. At the same time, check the condition of the gear teeth of the armature shaft.
■ Check whether the pinion is locked in one direction and can rotate smoothly in the other direction. If it can be locked or rotated in both directions, or there is obvious abnormal resistance, it needs to be replaced.
② The drive pinion or flywheel ring gear is severely worn, and these parts can be replaced separately.
Other causes of failure will occasionally occur. According to the actual maintenance situation, the occurrence rate is not very high.
How to check the performance of the starter?
1. No-load detection
As shown in the figure below, the idling time does not exceed 1 min.
Causes and troubleshooting of the starter!
2. Electromagnetic switch performance test
As shown in the figure below, remove the wire end on the starter terminal M, and connect the starter M terminal and the electromagnetic switch housing to the negative electrode of the battery with a band clamp cable. Connect the B terminal of the starter to the positive electrode of the battery with a band clamp cable. At this time, the drive gear should move outward. If the drive gear does not move, it can be determined that the electromagnetic switch is faulty and the electromagnetic switch needs to be replaced.
Causes and troubleshooting of the starter!
On the basis of the pulling action, when the drive gear remains in the extended position, remove the cable clamp on the M terminal of the electromagnetic switch. At this time, the drive gear should remain in the extended position. If the drive gear returns, it can be judged that the holding coil is open.
On the basis of maintaining the action, remove the cable clamp on the starter housing. At this time, the drive gear should return quickly. If the drive gear cannot return, it can be determined that the return spring is invalid and the electromagnetic switch should be replaced.
How to check the electromagnetic switch failure?
1. Keep the coil out of order
Fault performance: When the holding coil of the starter is open, short-circuited or poorly grounded, the drive gear of the starter will periodically strike the flywheel with a "da, da" sound.
Cause of failure: The reason for this phenomenon is that at startup, the movable iron core is sucked by the attracting coil, so that the main contact plate is in contact with the two main terminals. However, at the moment of contact, due to the power failure of the attracting coil, the movable iron core only remains motionless under the action of the holding coil, but due to the failure of the holding coil, the movable iron core retracts under the action of the return spring, making the main contact plate and the two main contacts The terminals are separated and the DC motor is de-energized. At the same time, the attracting coil is energized again, and the movable iron core is attracted to the position where the main contact plate is in contact with the two main terminals. At the moment of contact, the attracting coil will be de-energized again to separate the main contact plate. Repeatedly, it will appear. "Da, da" sound.
2. Suction coil failure
If the attracting coil fails, the movable iron core cannot be sucked in only by the holding coil when it is started. When starting, if it is a starting circuit with a starting relay, only the pick-up sound of the starting relay contacts will be heard, and the starter will not act. Of course, this kind of failure is based on eliminating the battery failure.
